Simple circuit
Build a circuit with a battery, a switch and a lamp, as a set-up and as a circuit diagram. When the circuit is closed, the lamp lights up.
PhysicsHamburg curriculum · Gymnasium
Physics – grade 9
Grade 9: topics for 8/9. All content needed for the intermediate school certificate has been introduced by the end of grade 9. The numbers are those of the curriculum (topic field.topic).
Unit 1.2Resistance, energy and power, induction (8/9)
Electrical resistance and Ohm’s law, circuit diagrams, voltage, current and power of household appliances, electrical energy, generator and transformer.
Series and parallel circuits
Connect lamps in series or in parallel and measure current and voltage at different points.
Ohm’s law
Turn up the voltage and the current rises, always in the same ratio. Point by point the characteristic curve appears, though not quite straight for a lamp.
Electromagnetic induction
Magnet in, the needle swings. Magnet out, it swings the other way. Every generator works on the same principle.
Unit 3.1Atomic nuclei, forces and radioactivity (8/9)
Structure of the nucleus, isotopes and nuclear forces, types of radiation, spontaneous decay, activity and half-life, absorption, biological effects and radiation protection, benefits and dangers.
Radioactive decay and half-life
Many nuclei decay at random and a Geiger counter clicks. Even so, after each half-life almost exactly half are left.
Unit 3.2Thermal energy, radiation budget and greenhouse effect (8/9)
Temperature as a measure of the kinetic energy of particles, heat transfer, the electromagnetic spectrum, the Earth’s radiation balance, the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect.
Particle model and temperature
Ice melts, water boils, and the temperature stops rising meanwhile. The particles show where the energy goes in between.
Unit 2.2Accelerated motion and conservation of energy (8/9)
Impulse and acceleration, uniformly accelerated motion and free fall, friction, motion graphs from measured data, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of energy.
Uniform and accelerated motion (distance–time and velocity–time graphs)
A car drives at a steady speed or speeds up. The graphs for distance, speed and acceleration are drawn live.
Free fall
A ball falls on Earth, the Moon or Mars and gets faster every second. In a vacuum even a feather keeps up.
Conservation of energy (roller coaster)
A car rides a roller coaster: energy bars show how potential and kinetic energy turn into each other.
The summaries describe the curriculum in our own words. The original text is authoritative. Original text (German): Bildungsplan, Gymnasium, Physics, grade 9